Imagine that every time you make a phone call, someone is keeping a record of extraordinary details of your calls. They are tracking who you are talking to, when, where, and for how long. And they don’t stop there. They also track the calls of people you talk to, the people they talk to, and so on. This is a reality for millions of Americans who use AT&T’s phone network.
AT&T’s role in the massive phone surveillance program
According to a letter obtained by WIRED, a little-known surveillance program called Data Analytical Services (DAS) has been secretly collecting and analyzing more than a trillion domestic phone records within the United States each year. The program, which was formerly known as Hemisphere, is run by the telecom giant AT&T in coordination with federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.
How does DAS work?
The program uses a technique known as chain analysis, which targets not only those in direct phone contact with a criminal suspect but anyone with whom those individuals have been in contact as well. This means that innocent people who have no connection to any crime can have their phone records swept up and scrutinized by the authorities.
The program allows law enforcement agencies to access the records of any calls that use AT&T’s infrastructure, which covers a large portion of the country. The records include the phone numbers, dates, times, durations, and locations of the calls, as well as the names and addresses of the subscribers.
DAS raises privacy and civil liberties concerns
The DAS program raises serious concerns about the privacy and civil liberties of millions of Americans. It operates without any judicial oversight or public accountability and violates the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures.
The program also contradicts the spirit of the USA Freedom Act, which was passed in 2015 to reform the bulk collection of phone records by the National Security Agency (NSA). The act required the NSA to stop collecting phone records in bulk and instead request them from the phone companies on a case-by-case basis with a court order. However, the DAS program bypasses this requirement by allowing AT&T to collect and store the records for law enforcement purposes.
How widespread and secretive is DAS?
The DAS program is not widely known or understood by the public or the media. It has reportedly been operating for more than a decade, and it has received more than $6 million from the White House.
AT&T has declined to comment on the program, saying only that it is required by law to comply with a lawful subpoena. However, there is no law requiring AT&T to store decades’ worth of Americans’ call records for law enforcement purposes. In fact, AT&T has been voluntarily cooperating with the authorities and even training them on how to use the program.
How DAS is funded?
The DAS program is funded by the White House’s Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) under a program called HIDTA, or “high-intensity drug trafficking area.” HIDTA is a designation assigned to 33 different regions of the US where drug trafficking is considered to be a serious problem.
Former president Barack Obama reportedly suspended the funding for the program in 2013 after The New York Times exposed it for the first time. However, individual law enforcement agencies were allowed to continue contracting with AT&T directly to use the service.
Former president Donald Trump resumed the funding for the program in 2017 but halted it again in 2021. Current President Joe Biden resumed the funding for the program in 2021 but has not commented on it publicly.
The White House has acknowledged an inquiry from WIRED but has yet to provide a comment.
The legal and political challenges facing the DAS program
The DAS program has also been challenged by some lawmakers and activists, who have raised serious concerns about its legality and impact. US Senator Ron Wyden, who is a vocal critic of mass surveillance, has sent a letter to US Attorney General Merrick Garland, urging him to investigate and review the program. Wyden has also received some “troubling information” from the Department of Justice, which he is forbidden from disclosing to the public, but which he says would “justifiably outrage many Americans and other members of Congress.”
The DAS program has also been challenged by some lawsuits and public records requests, which have sought to expose and stop the program. However, the program has been able to evade or resist these efforts by claiming that the phone records are owned by AT&T, not by the government and that the program is protected by trade secrets and law enforcement privileges.
An AT&T spokesperson said the company is simply complying with the law in cooperating with the government.
“We defer to the Justice Department, to whom Sen. Wyden’s letter is addressed, for comment,” the spokesperson said. “Like all companies, we are required by law to comply with subpoenas, warrants, and court orders from government and law enforcement agencies.”
“To be clear, any information referred to in Sen. Wyden’s letter would be compelled by subpoena, warrant or court order,” the spokesperson added.
How to avoid being spied on by the DAS program
There are some possible ways that you can protect yourself from phone surveillance. However, none of these methods are foolproof or guaranteed to work, and some of them may have drawbacks or limitations. Here are some of them:
1) Use encryption: One way to protect the content of your phone calls is to use encryption, which scrambles the data so that only the intended recipient can decode it. There are some apps that offer end-to-end encryption for voice calls, such as Signal, WhatsApp, or Telegram. However, encryption does not protect the metadata of your calls, such as phone numbers, dates, times, durations, and locations, which can still be collected and analyzed by the DAS program. Encryption also depends on the trustworthiness and security of the app and its provider.
2) Use alternative communication methods: Another way to protect yourself from phone surveillance is to use alternative communication methods that do not rely on AT&T’s infrastructure or phone network. For example, you could use email, chat, or video calls over the internet, or you could use a landline or a payphone. However, these methods may not be as convenient, reliable, or accessible as using your own phone, and they may also have their own risks or vulnerabilities. For instance, email and chat may also be subject to surveillance or hacking, and landlines and payphones may also be tapped or traced.
3) Use privacy tools and practices: A third way to protect yourself from phone surveillance is to use privacy tools and practices that can help you reduce or hide your digital footprint and identity. For example, you could use a virtual private network (VPN), which can mask your IP address and location. It can also anonymize your online activity and traffic. However, these tools and practices may not be enough to protect you from the DAS program, which can still access your phone records and link them to your real identity through chain analysis or other methods.
Kurt’s key takeaways
The DAS program is a massive and secretive phone surveillance program that violates the privacy and civil rights of millions of Americans. The program operates without any judicial oversight or public accountability, and it contradicts the reforms made by the USA Freedom Act. The program also lacks transparency and safeguards to prevent abuse and misuse, and it has been used for a wide range of crimes, not just drug trafficking. The DOJ should investigate and review the program and inform the public about its scope and outcome.
How do you feel about the DAS program and its impact on your privacy and civil rights? Do you think it is justified and necessary or illegal and intrusive? Let us know in the comments below.
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